什么是表面活性剂？
水，表面活性剂和表面之间的相互作用被称为“表面活性”。实际上，表面活性剂(Surfactant)的名称来自短语“SURFace ACTive AgeNT”。表面活性剂是降低水的表面张力，帮助它更均匀地扩散的分子。基本上，表面活性剂使水“更湿润”。它们还有助于穿透，松散和捕获土壤，因此您可以进行清洁，而不仅仅是将污垢和污垢从一个地方移到另一个地方。
缓解张力 – 表面活性剂如何发挥作用
如果您曾经看到厨房台面或淋浴门上的水滴所形成的小珠子，您就会看到表面张力的作用。普通水是不含任何表面活性剂，因此水分子就会自然地粘在一起。水的表面张力使其粘附在自身上并排撤其他非水物体。在水中添加表面活性剂（或水基清洁产品）会削弱这种张力，使水稍微松弛并覆盖更大的表面。表面活性剂是由两部分组成的分子。它们的头部是亲水的（喜欢水的）和尾部的疏水性（水憎）。让我们想想你厨房柜台上的那滴水。没有表面活性剂，水分子彼此粘附，水仍然是圆形的紧密珠。如果我们在这滴水中添加一种表面活性剂，它会开始变平并散开，因为喜欢水的尾巴试图远离水并靠近台面。水的表面张力被破坏，随着水珠的扩散，更多的柜台被弄湿了。
卷起污垢和尘垢：表面活性剂的清洁能力
由于表面活性剂的疏水性尾部试图粘附在表面上，它会将自身压在地面和污垢层下面，松开并将其从台面或浴室水槽中提起。这称之为卷起，这会为您节省了大量的擦洗时间。当清洁溶液卷起一些污垢和污垢时，表面活性剂的疏水性尾部会附着在颗粒上，因为它们不是水。通过表面活性剂的力量将地面悬浮在清洁溶液中，防止其沉积在台面上。表面清洁后，只需擦拭干燥即可。
有效清洁化学
几乎所有市场上销售的清洁产品都含有表面活性剂。润湿和卷起的组合有助于使清洁更容易和更有效。因此，无论您是通过洗碗机清洗餐盘还是清洁浴室中的镜子，您都可以使用表面活性剂来减少擦洗。
资料来源：http://www.aboutcleaningproducts.com/ingredients/surfactants/
What Are Surfactants?
The interaction between water, surfactant, and surface is called “surface activity.” In fact, the name surfactant comes from the phrase “SURFace ACTive AgeNT.”Surfactants are molecules that reduce the surface tension of water, helping it to spread out more uniformly. Basically, surfactants make water “wetter”. They also help penetrate, loosen and trap soil so you’re really cleaning, not just moving dirt and grime from place to place.
Easing The Tension – How Surfactants Work
If you’ve ever seen drops of water form little beads on your kitchen countertops or your shower door, you’ve seen surface tension in action. Plain water doesn’t contain any surfactants, so water molecules do what comes naturally – they stick together. Water’s surface tension causes it to cling to itself and reject other, non-water objects. Adding surfactants to water (or a water-based cleaning product) weakens that tension and allows water to relax a little and cover a larger surface.Surfactants are molecules made up of two parts. They have heads that are hydrophilic (water-loving) and tails that are hydrophobic (water-hating).Let’s think about that drop of water on your kitchen counter. Without a surfactant, the water molecules are clinging to each other and the water is still in a round, tight bead. If we add a surfactant to that drop of water, it would start to flatten and spread out as the water-hating tails tried to get far from the water and close to the countertop. The water’s surface tension is broken, and as the bead of water spreads out, more of the counter gets wet.
Rolling Up Dirt and Grime: The Cleaning Power of Surfactants
As the hydrophobic tail of a surfactant tries to cling to a surface, it forces itself underneath layers of soil and grime, loosening and lifting it from your countertop or bathroom sink. This is called roll-up, and it saves you a lot of scrubbing time.As the cleaning solution rolls up bits of dirt and soil, the surfactant’s hydrophobic tails cling to the particles because they’re not water. The soil is held suspended in the cleaning solution by the power of the surfactant, keeping it from settling back on your countertop. Once the surface is clean, you simply wipe and dry.
The Chemistry of Effective Cleaning
Almost all commercially produced cleaning products contain surfactants. The combination of wetting and roll-up helps to make cleaning easier and more effective. So whether you’re running the dinner plates through the dishwasher or cleaning the mirror in your bathroom, you’ll do less scrubbing with the power of surfactants.
Source: http://www.aboutcleaningproducts.com/ingredients/surfactants/
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